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Canyonlands Research Station Research Products

  1. Bowker, M., M. E. Miller, T. Sisk and N. Johnson . 2008. (In press). Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region. Conservation Biology. [Journal Article]
  2. Rosentreter, R., M. Bowker, J. Belnap. 2008. A field guide to biological soil crusts of western U.S. drylands: Common lichens and bryophytes. Denver, Colorado, U.S. Government Printing Office,104 p. [Book]
  3. Bowker, M.A., J. Belnap. 2008. A simple classification of biological soil crust habitat on the Colorado Plateau, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science. In press. [Journal Article]
  4. Belnap J., S.L. Phillips, S. Flint, J. Moeny, M. Caldwell. 2008. Global change and biological soil crusts: Effects of ultraviolet augmentation under altered precipitation regimes and nitrogen additions. Global Change Biology 14: 670-686. [Journal Article]
  5. J. Belnap, S.K. Sherrod. 2008. Salt sensitivity of the exotic grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation by Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. In press, Plant Ecology. [Journal Article]
  6. Schwinning, S., J. Belnap, D.R. Bowling, J.R. Ehleringer. 2008. Sensitivity of the Colorado Plateau to change: Climate, ecosystems and society. Ecology and Society. In press. [Journal Article]
  7. Belnap, J, S.L. Phillips, D.L. Witwicki, M.E. Miller. 2008. Visually assessing the level of development and soil surface stability of cyanobacterially dominated biological soil crusts. Journal of Arid Environments 72: 1257-1264. [Journal Article]
  8. Newingham, B. A., P. Vidiella, and J. Belnap. 2007. Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum. Journal of Arid Environments 70(3): 389-402. [Journal Article]
  9. Belnap, J., S. L. Phillips, and S. D. Smith. 2007. Dynamics of cover, UV-protective pigments, and quantum yield in biological soil crust communities of an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland. Flora, 202: 674-686. [Journal Article]
  10. Belnap, J. 2007. ESA publications revisited. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5(10):515-515. [Journal Article]
  11. Housman, David C., C. M. Yeager, B. J. Darby, R. L. Sanford Jr., C. Kuske, Cheryl, D.A. Neher, J. Belnap. 2007. Heterogeneity of soil nutrients and subsurface biota in a dryland ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 39: 2138-2149. [Journal Article]
  12. Jocqué, M., T. Graham, and L. Brendonck. 2007. Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region. Hydrobiologia 592(1):271-280. [Journal Article]
  13. Darby, B. J., D. A. Neher, and J. Belnap. 2007. Soil nematode communities are ecologically more mature beneath late- than early-successional stage biological soil crusts. Applied Soil Ecology 35(1): 203-212. [Journal Article]
  14. Pech, L. and T. B. Graham. 2007. The first state record for Trichiorhyssemus riparius (Horn) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Utah. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 61(4): 567. [Journal Article]
  15. Yeager, C. M., J. L. Kornosky, R. Morgan, E. Cain, J. Belnap, C. R. Kuske. 2007. Three distinct clades of cultured heterocystous cyanobacteria comprise the dominant N2-fixing members of biological soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau, USA. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 60(1): 85-97. [Journal Article]
  16. Belnap, J., S. L. Phillips, J. E. Herrick, J. R. Johansen. 2007. Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: Implications for land management. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32(1):75-84. [Journal Article]
  17. Hawkes, C.V., J. Belnap, C.M D'Antonio, M.K. Firestone. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal assemblages in native plant roots change in the presence of invasive exotic grasses. Plant and Soil 281(1-2): 367-379. [Journal Article]
  18. Sperry, L.J., J. Belnap and R.D. Evans. 2006. Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem. Ecology, v. 87, no. 3, p. 603-615. [Journal Article]
  19. Housman, D.C., H.H.Powers, A.D. Collins, and J. Belnap. 2006. Carbon and nitrogen fixation differ between successional stages of biological soil crusts in the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert. Journal of Arid Environments 66(4)620-634. [Journal Article]
  20. Bowker, M.A., J. Belnap, D.W. Davidson, H. Goldstein. 2006. Correlates of biological soil crust abundance across a continuum of spatial scales: Support for a hierarchical conceptual model. Journal of Applied Ecology 43(1):152-334. [Journal Article]
  21. Newingham, B.A., J. Belnap. 2006. Direct effects of soil amendments on field emergence and growth of the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. Plant and Soil 280(1-2): 29-40. [Journal Article]
  22. I. Lebron, M. D. Madsen, D. G. Chandler, D. A. Robinson, O. Wendroth, J. Belnap. 2006. Ecohydrological controls on soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity within a pinyon-juniper woodland. Water Resources Research. [Journal Article]
  23. B. J. Darby, D. C. Housman, A. M. Zaki, Y. Shamout, S. M. Adi, J. Belnap, D. A. Neher. 2006. Effects of altered temperature and precipitation on desert protozoa associated with biological soil crusts. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 53(6):507-514. [Journal Article]
  24. Belnap J. 2006. From the ground up: Biological soil crusts in the Sonoran Desert. In: W. Broyles and R. Felger, editors. Dry Borders: Great Natural Reserves of the Sonoran Desert: Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press. [Book Chapter]
  25. Barger, N.N., J.E. Herrick, J. VanZee, J. Belnap. 2006. Impacts of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on C and N loss from water erosion. Biogeochemistry 77(2): 247-263. [Journal Article]
  26. Housman, D.C., E. Naumburg, T.E. Huxman, T.N. Charlet, R.S. Nowak, and S.D. Smith. 2006. Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability. Ecosystems 9:374-385. [Journal Article]
  27. Belnap, Jayne. 2006. Meeting the Mission: The Interplay of Science and Management. Learning from the Land: Bureau of Land Management Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium, September 12-14 2006, Cedar City, Utah. [Training/Workshop]
  28. Hartley, A.E., N. Barger, J. Belnap, and G.S. Okin. 2006. Nutrient cycling in dryland ecosystems. in P. Marshner and Z. Rengel, editors. Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. [Book Chapter]
  29. Belnap, J., S.L. Phillips, T. Troxler. 2006. Soil lichen and moss cover and species richness can be highly dynamic: The effects of invasion by the annual exotic grass Bromus tectorum and the effects of climate on biological soil crusts. Applied Soil Ecology 32:63-76. [Journal Article]
  30. Fernandez, D., Neff, J., Belnap, J., and Reynolds, R. 2006. Soil respiration in the cold desert environment of the Colorado Plateau (USA): Abiotic regulators and thresholds. Biogeochemistry 78(3)247-265. [Journal Article]
  31. Bowker, M. A, J. Belnap, M. E. Miller. 2006. Spatial modeling of biological soil crusts to support rangeland assessment and monitoring. Rangeland Ecology and Management 59(5):519-529. [Journal Article]
  32. Belnap, J. 2006. The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles. Hydrological Processes 20: 3159-3178. [Journal Article]
  33. Belnap J., O. Lange. 2005. Biological soil crusts and global changes: What does the future hold. In: J. Dighton, editor. The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem Vol. 23: Boca Raton, Florida, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 697-712. [Book Chapter]
  34. Belnap J. 2005. Crusts: Biological. In: D. Hillel, editor. Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment: London, Elsevier, p. 339-346. [Book Chapter]
  35. Belnap J. 2005. Cyanobacteria and algae. In: D. M. Sylvia, J. J. Fuhrmann, P. G. Hartel, and D. A. Zuberer, editors. Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Pearson Education, Inc., p. 162-180. [Book Chapter]
  36. Bowker, M.A., J. Belnap, D.W. Davidson, S.L. Phillips. 2005. Evidence for micronutrient limitation of biological soil crusts: Importance to arid-lands restoration. Ecological Applications 15(6): 1941-1951. [Journal Article]
  37. Belnap J., O. L. Lange. 2005. Lichens and microfungi in biological soil crusts: Community structure, physiology and ecological functions. In: J. Dighton, editor. The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem Vol. 23: Boca Raton, Florida, Taylor & Francis Group, p.397-712. [Book Chapter]
  38. Belnap, J., J.R. Welter, N.B. Grimm, N.N. Barger, J.A. Ludwig. 2005. Linkages between microbial and hydrologic processes in arid and semi-arid watersheds. Ecology 86(2): 298-307. [Journal Article]
  39. Neff, J.C., R. Reynolds, J. Belnap, P. Lamothe. 2005. Multi-decadal impacts of grazing on soil physical and biogeochemical properties in Southeast Utah. Ecological Applications 15(1): 87-95. [Journal Article]
  40. Barger, N.N., J. Belnap, D. Ojima, A. Mosier. 2005. NO gas loss from biologically crusted soils in Canyonlands National Park, Utah. Biogeochemistry 75(3): 373-391. [Journal Article]
  41. Breshears, D.D., N.S. Cobb, P.M. Rich, K.P. Price, C.D. Allen, R.G. Balice, W.H. Romme, J.H. Kastens, M.L. Floyd, J. Belnap, J.J. Anderson, O.B. Myers, C.W. Meyer. 2005. Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(42): 15144-15148. [Journal Article]
  42. Johnson S. L., C. R. Budinoff, J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel. 2005. Relevance of ammonium oxidation within biological soil crust communities. Environmental Microbiology 7(1):1-12. [Journal Article]
  43. Belnap, J., S.L. Phillips, S. Sherrod, A. Moldenke. 2005. Soil biota can change after exotic plant invasion: Does this affect ecosystem processes. Ecology 86(11): 3007-3017. [Journal Article]
  44. Loik M. E., D. D. Breshears, W. K. Laurenroth, J. Belnap. 2004. A multi-scale perspective of water pulses in dryland ecosystems: Climatology and ecohydrology of the western USA. Oecologia 141(2): p. 269-281. [Journal Article]
  45. Webb, R. H., J. Belnap, J. S. Weisheit. 2004. Cataract Canyon: A Human and Environmental History of the Rivers in Canyonlands. Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, 268 pp. [Book]
  46. Barger, N.N., D. Ojima, J. Belnap, W. Shiping, W. Yanfen, and Z. Chen. 2004. Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil C and N mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian grassland. Journal of Range Management 57: 613-619. [Journal Article]
  47. Yeager C.M., J.L. Kornosky, D.C. Housman, E.E. Grote, J. Belnap, C.R. Kuske. 2004. Diazotrophic community structure and Function in two successional stages of biological soil crusts from the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70(2):973-983. [Journal Article]
  48. Belnap, J., S. L. Phillips and M. E. Miller. Oecologia 141(2): 306-316. 2004. Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency. Oecologia 141(2): 306-316. [Journal Article]
  49. Austin A. T., M. L. Yahkjian, J. M. Stark, J. Belnap, A. Porporato, I. C. Burke, U. Norton, D. Ravetta, S. M. Shaeffer. 2004. Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Oecologia 141(2): 221-235. [Journal Article]
  50. Bowker M. A., J. Belnap, R. Rosentreter, B. Graham. 2004. Wildfire-resistant biological soil crusts and fire-induced loss of soil stability in Palouse praries, USA. Applied Soil Ecology 26(1):41-52. [Journal Article]
  51. Strayer D. L., M. E. Power, W. F. Fagan, S. T. A. Pickett, J. Belnap. 2003. A classification of ecological boundaries. BioScience 53(8):723-729. [Journal Article]
  52. Belnap J., J. P. Lindsey. 2003. At the ground level: Fungi and mosses. In: M. L. Floyd, editor. Ancient Piñon-Juniper Woodlands: A Natural History of Mesa Verde Country: Boulder, Colorado, University Press of Colorado, pp.61-74. [Book Chapter]
  53. Belnap J., O. L. Lange. 2003. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 503 pp. [Book]
  54. Belnap J. 2003. Biological soil crusts and wind erosion. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management, Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.339-347. [Book Chapter]
  55. Belnap J. 2003. Biological soil crusts in deserts: A short review of their role in soil fertility, stabilization, and water relations. Algological Studies 109:113-126. [Journal Article]
  56. Rosentreter R., J. Belnap. 2003. Biological soil crusts of North America. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.31-50. [Book Chapter]
  57. Belnap J., B. Büdel, O. L. Lange. 2003. Biological soil crusts: Characteristics and distribution. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.3-30. [Book Chapter]
  58. Belnap J., C. V. Hawkes, M. K. Firestone. 2003. Boundaries in miniature: Two examples from soil. BioScience 53(8):739-749. [Journal Article]
  59. Hanna D. D., T. B. Graham. 2003. Chapter 9, Reptiles and Amphibians of the Piñon-Juniper Woodlands. pp. 151-165. in L. Floyd-Hanna and D. Hanna (eds.), Ancient Piñon-Juniper Woodlands: a natural history of Mesa Verde Country, University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO. [Book Chapter]
  60. Belnap J. 2003. Comparative structure of physical and biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.177-191. [Book Chapter]
  61. Duda J. J., D. C. Freeman, J. M. Emlen, J. Belnap, S. G. Kitchen, J. C. Zak, E. Sobek, M. Tracy, J. Montante. 2003. Differences in native soil ecology associated with invasion of the exotic annual chenopod, Halogeton glomeratus. Biology and Fertility of Soils 38(2):72-77. [Journal Article]
  62. Belnap J., D. Eldridge. 2003. Disturbance and recovery of biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150,Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition.Berlin, pp.363-383. [Book Chapter]
  63. Belnap J., S. K. Sherrod, M. E. Miller. 2003. Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii. Weed Science 51:371-378. [Journal Article]
  64. Garcia-Pichel F., J. Belnap, S. Neuer, F. Schanz. 2003. Estimates of global cyanobacterial biomass and its distribution. Algological Studies 109:213-227. [Journal Article]
  65. Jayne Belnap. 2003. Exotic annual grasses in western rangelands: Predicting resistance and resilience of native ecosystems invasion. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. [Publication]
  66. Belnap J. 2003. Factors influencing nitrogen fixation and nitrogen release in biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.241-261. [Book Chapter]
  67. Housman D.C., S.F. Zitzer, T.E. Huxman, S.D. Smith. 2003. Functional ecology of shrub seedlings after a natural recruitment event at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility. Global Change Biology 9:718-728. [Journal Article]
  68. Platenberg R., T.B. Persons, E.M. Nowak. 2003. Glen Canyon National Recreation Area herpetofauna inventory, 2003 annual report. Unpublished report to National Park Service. USGS Colorado Plateau Field Station, Flagstaff, Arizona. [Technical Report]
  69. Evans, R. D., J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel and S. L. Phillips. 2003. Global change and the future of biological soil crusts. Pages 417-429 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management, Second edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  70. Evans R. D., J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel, S. L. Phillips. 2003. Global change and the future of biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.417-429. [Book Chapter]
  71. Belnap J., R. Prasse, K. T. Harper. 2003. Influence of biological soil crusts on soil environments and vascular plants. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.281-300. [Book Chapter]
  72. Clausnitzer, D., M. Huso, D. Pyke, J. Belnap, T. Graham, R.L. Sanford, S. Phillips. 2003. Interactions of cattle grazing and climate change: Hierarchical data analysis. In Proceedings of the VIIth International Rangelands Congress, 26th July-1st August 2003, Durban, South Africa. N. Allsopp, A. R. Palmer, S. J. Milton, K. P. Kirkman, G. I. H. Kerley and C. R. Hurt, Eds. Irene, South Africa, Document Transformation Technologies: 1062-1064. [Book Chapter]
  73. Belnap J. 2003. Magnificent microbes: Biological soil crusts in Piñon-Juniper communities. In: M. L. Floyd, editor. Ancient Piñon-Juniper Woodlands: A Natural History of Mesa Verde Country: Boulder, Colorado, University Press of Colorado, pp.75-88. [Book Chapter]
  74. Belnap, J. 2003. Microbes and microfauna associated with biological soil crusts. Pages 167-174 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, Eds. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management, Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Editon. Berlin, Springer-Verlag. [Book Chapter]
  75. Platenberg R. J., T. B. Graham. 2003. Northern Colorado Plateau Herpetofauna Inventory 2002 Annual Report. Unpublished report to Northern Colorado Plateau Network, National Park Service. January 2003. [Technical Report]
  76. Naumburg E., D.C. Housman, T.E. Huxman, S.D. Smith. 2003. Photosynthetic responses of Mojave Desert shrubs to Free Air CO2 Enrichment are greatest during wet years. Global Change Biology 9:276-285. [Journal Article]
  77. Belnap J., O. L. Lange. 2003. Preface. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological soil crusts: structure, function, and management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.v-ix. [Book Chapter]
  78. Sherrod S.K., J. Belnap, and M.E. Miller. 2003. Repeated use of ion-exchange resin membranes in calcareous soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34(1&2): 13-21. [Journal Article]
  79. Gelbard J. L., J. Belnap. 2003. Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape. Conservation Biology 17(2):420-432. [Journal Article]
  80. Garcia-Pichel F., J. Belnap. 2003. Small-scale environments and distribution of biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.193-201. [Book Chapter]
  81. Garcia-Pichel F., S. L. Johnson, D. Youngkin, J. Belnap. 2003. Small-scale vertical distribution of bacterial biomass and diversity in biological soil crusts from arid lands in the Colorado Plateau. Microbial Ecology 46(3):312-321. [Journal Article]
  82. Bashkin M., T. J. Stohlgren, Y. Otsuki, M. Lee, P. Evangelista, J. Belnap. 2003. Soil characteristics and plant exotic species invasions in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA. Applied Soil Ecology 22(1):67-77. [Journal Article]
  83. Belnap J., S. L. Phillips, M. Duniway, R. Reynolds. 2003. Soil fertility in deserts: A review on the influence of biological soil crusts and the effect of soil surface disturbance on nutrient inputs and losses. In: A. S. Alsharhan, W. W. Wood, A. Goudie, A. R. Fowler, and E. M. Abdellatif, editors. Desertification in the Third Millennium: Lisse, The Netherlands, Swets & Zeitlinger (Balkema), pp.245-252. [Book Chapter]
  84. Belnap J., O. L. Lange. 2003. Structure and functioning of biological soil crusts: A synthesis. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.471-479. [Book Chapter]
  85. Belnap J. 2003. The world at your feet: Desert biological soil crusts. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1(5):181-189. [Journal Article]
  86. Housman D.C., M.V. Price, R.A. Redak. 2002. Architecture of coastal and desert Encelia farinosa (Asteraceae): consequences of plastic and heritable variation in leaf characters. American Journal of Botany 89:203-208. [Journal Article]
  87. Belnap J. 2002. Biological soil crusts of Arabian sabkhat. In: H.-J. Barth and B. Böer, editors. Sabkha Ecosystems. Volume 1: The Arabian Peninsula and Adjacent Countries. Tasks for Vegetation Science Vol. 36, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp.227-237. [Book Chapter]
  88. Belnap, J. 2002. Biological soil crusts: Webs of life in the desert. (Online). US Geological Survey Fact Sheet No. FS-065-01. Moab, Utah, US Geological Survey. http://fresc.usgs.gov/products/fs/fs-065-01.pdf. [Fact Sheet]
  89. Redfield E., S. M. Barns, J. Belnap, L. L. Daane, C. R. Kuske. 2002. Comparative diversity and composition of cyanobacteria in three predominant soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 40(1):55-63. [Journal Article]
  90. Brooks, R. J., Buchmann, N., Phillips, S., Ehleringer, B., Evans, R. D., Lott, M., Martinelli, L. A., Pockman, W. T., Sandquist, D., Sparks, J. P., Sperry, L., Williams, D., Ehleringer, J. R. 2002. Heavy and light beer: A carbon isotope approach to detect C4 carbon in beers of different origins, styles and prices. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50:6413-6418. [Journal Article]
  91. Belnap J. 2002. Impacts of off-road vehicles on nitrogen cycles in biological soil crusts: resistance in different U.S. deserts. Journal of Arid Environments 52(2):155-165. [Journal Article]
  92. Belnap J. 2002. Nitrogen fixation in biological soil crusts from southeast Utah, USA. Biology and Fertility of Soils 35(2):128-135. [Journal Article]
  93. Graham, Tim and Renata Platenberg. 2002. Northern Colorado Plateau Herpetofauna Inventory 2001 Annual Report. Northern Colorado Plateau Network Herpetofauna Inventory. [Technical Report]
  94. Belnap J., S. D. Warren. 2002. Patton's tracks in the Mojave Desert, USA: An ecological legacy. Arid Land Research and Management 16(3):245-258. [Journal Article]
  95. Graham Tim B. 2002. Survey of ephemeral pool invertebrates at Wupatki NM: an evaluation of the significance of constructed impoundments as habitat. Hydrobiologia 486:215-224. [Journal Article]
  96. Bowker M., S. C. Reed, J. Belnap, S. Phillips. 2002. Temporal variation in community composition, pigmentation, and Fv /Fm of desert cyanobacterial soil crusts. Microbial Ecology 43(1):13-25. [Journal Article]
  97. Davidson D. W., M. Bowker, D. George, S. L. Phillips, J. Belnap. 2002. Treatment effects on performance of N-fixing lichens in disturbed soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau. Ecological Applications 12(5):1391-1405. [Journal Article]
  98. Reynolds R., J. Belnap, M. Reheis, P. Lamothe, F. Luiszer. 2001. Aeolian dust in Colorado Plateau soils: Nutrient inputs and recent change in source. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(13):7123-7127. [Proceedings]
  99. Belnap, J. and O. L. Lange, editors. 2001. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 503 pp. [Book]
  100. Belnap, J. 2001. Biological soil crusts and wind erosion. Pages 339-347 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  101. Rosentreter, R. and J. Belnap. 2001. Biological soil crusts of North America. Pages 31-50 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  102. Belnap, J., B. Büdel and O. L. Lange. 2001. Biological soil crusts: Characteristics and distribution. Pages 3-30 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  103. Belnap J., J. H. Kaltenecker, R. Rosentreter, J. Williams, S. Leonard, D. Eldridge. 2001. Biological soil crusts: Ecology and management. In: P. Peterson, editor. January 2001. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Denver, Colorado. BLM Technical Reference 1730-2, 110 p. [Technical Report]
  104. Belnap, J. 2001. Comparative structure of physical and biological soil crusts. Pages 177-191 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  105. Miller M., J. Belnap, S. Beatty, B. Webb. 2001. Components of spatial and temporal soil variation at Canyonlands National Park: implications for P dynamics and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) performance. In. E. D. McArthur and D. J. Fairbanks, Eds. 11th Wildland Shrub Synposium: Shrubland Ecosystem Genetics and Biodiversity, June 13-15, 2000, Provo, UT, Proceedings RMRS-P-21. Ogden, Utah, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp. 154-162. [Proceedings]
  106. Belnap, J. and D. Eldridge. 2001. Disturbance and recovery of biological soil crusts. Pages 363-383 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  107. Evans R. D., R. Rimer, L. Sperry, J. Belnap. 2001. Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland. Ecological Applications 11(5):1301-1310. [Journal Article]
  108. Belnap, J. 2001. Factors influencing nitrogen fixation and nitrogen release in biological soil crusts. Pages 241-261 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  109. Evans, R. D., J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel and S. L. Phillips. 2001. Global change and the future of biological soil crusts. Evans, R. D., J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel and S. L. Phillips. (2001). Global change and the future of biological soil crusts. Pages 417-429 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  110. Belnap, J., R. Prasse and K. T. Harper. 2001. Influence of biological soil crusts on soil environments and vascular plants. Pages 281-300 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  111. Belnap, J. 2001. Microbes and microfauna associated with biological soil crusts. Pages 167-174 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  112. Graham Tim B., R. J. Platenberg. 2001. Northern Colorado Plateau Herpetofauna Inventory 2001 Annual Report. Unpublished report to Northern Colorado Plateau Network, National Park Service. January 2002. [Technical Report]
  113. Stohlgren T. J., Y. Otsuki, C. A. Villa, M. Lee, J. Belnap. 2001. Patterns of plant invasions: A case example in native species hotspots and rare habitats. Biological Invasions 3(1):37-50. [Journal Article]
  114. Belnap, J. and O. L. Lange. 2001. Preface. Pages v-ix in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  115. Belnap J. 2001. Revised www.soilcrust.org. [Web Page]
  116. Garcia-Pichel, F. and J. Belnap. 2001. Small-scale environments and distribution of biological soil crusts. Pages 193-201 in J. Belnap and O. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  117. Belnap J., S. L. Phillips. 2001. Soil biota in an ungrazed grassland: Response to annual grass (Bromus tectorum) invasion. Ecological Applications 11(5):1261-1275. [Journal Article]
  118. Belnap, J. and O. L. Lange. 2001. Structure and functioning of biological soil crusts: A synthesis. Pages 471-479 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  119. Graham T. B. 2001. The Knowles Canyon hanging garden, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, eight years after burning: changes in vegetation and soil biota. submitted to Desert Springs Symposium Proceedings, to be published by University of Arizona Press, Jan. 2001. In press. [Book Chapter]
  120. Harper K., and J. Belnap. 2001. The influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake by associated vascular plants. Journal of Arid Environments 47(3):347-357. [Journal Article]
  121. Belnap J., R.L. Reynolds, M. Reheis, S.L. Phillips. 2001. What makes the desert bloom? The contribution of dust and crusts to soil fertility on the Colorado Plateau. in 11th Wild Shrubland Symposium: Shrubland Ecosystem Genetics and Biodiversity, June 13-15, 2000, Provo, Utah, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, p. 147-153. [Abstract]
  122. Smith S.D., T.E. Huxman, S.F. Zitzer, T.N. Charlet, D.C. Housman, J.S. Coleman, L.K. enstermaker, R.S. Nowak, J.R. Seemann. 2000. Elevated CO2 increases productivity and invasive species success in an arid ecosystem. Nature 408:79-82. [Journal Article]
  123. Graham Tim B. 2000. Heat futures: the arid southwest United States. Earthwatch Institute Journal 2000 (November):28. [Journal Article]
  124. Belnap J. 2000. Structure and function of biological soil crusts. In: Proceedings: Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystems Symposium. June 23-25, 1999. Boise State University, Boise, Idaho. BLM Publication No. BLM/ID/PT-0001001+1150, pp.55-62. [Proceedings]
  125. Belnap J., D. Ojima, S. Phillips, N. Barger. 1999. Biological soil crusts of Mongolia: Impacts of grazing and precipitation on nitrogen inputs. In. D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger, Eds. People and Rangelands: Building the Future: Proceedings of the VI International Rangeland Congress, July 17-23, 1999, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, Vol. 1, pp. 264-265. [Abstract]
  126. Carroll C. R., J. Belnap, B. Breckenridge, G. Meffe. 1999. Ecosystem sustainability and condition. In: W. T. Sexton, A. J. Malk, R. C. Szarzo, and N. C. Johnson, editors. Ecological stewardship: a common reference for ecosystem management. Elsevier Science, New York, pp.583-598. [Book Chapter]
  127. Ojima D., L. Tieszen, T. Chuluun, J. Belnap, J. Dodd, Z. Chen. 1999. Factors influencing production systems of the Mongolian Steppe: Potential global change impacts on semi-arid ecosystems. In: D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger, editors. Proceedings: VI International Rangeland Congress, July 19-23, 1999. VI Internatioal Rangeland Congress, Inc., Townsville, Queensland, Australia, pp.264-265. [Book Chapter]
  128. Graham Tim B. 1999. Life in the fast pool. Plateau Journal 1999/2000 (Winter):29-45. [Journal Article]
  129. Evans R. D., and J. Belnap. 1999. Long-term consequences of disturbance on nitrogen dynamics in an arid ecosystem. Ecology 80(1):150-160. [Journal Article]
  130. Belnap J., J. Williams, J. Kaltenecker. 1999. Structure and function of biological soil crusts. In: R. T. Meurisse, W. G. Ypsilantis, and C. Seybold, editors. Proceedings: Pacific Northwest Forest & Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium. March 17-19, 1998. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-461, pp.161-178. [Proceedings]
  131. Stohlgren T. J., J. Belnap, G. W. Chong, R. Reich. 1998. A plan to assess native and exotic plant diversity and cryptobiotic crusts in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. In. L. M. Hill, Ed. Learning from the Land: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium Proceedings, November 4-5, 1997, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah, BLM Technical Report BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220. Cedar City, Utah, pp. 269-276. [Proceedings]
  132. Phillips S.L., J.R. Ehleringer, D.R. Sandquist. 1998. Burning coal seams in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: A natural system for studies of plant responses to elevated CO2. In: Proceedings, Science in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. BLM Tec